Part VI. Reference
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# Part VI. Reference

The entries in this Reference are meant to provide in reasonable length an authoritative, complete, and formal summary about their respective subjects. More information about the use of PostgreSQL, in narrative, tutorial, or example form, can be found in other parts of this book. See the cross-references listed on each reference page.

The reference entries are also available as traditional “man” pages.

Table of Contents

I. SQL Commands
  ABORT — abort the current transaction
  ALTER AGGREGATE — change the definition of an aggregate function
  ALTER COLLATION — change the definition of a collation
  ALTER CONVERSION — change the definition of a conversion
  ALTER DATABASE — change a database
  ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES — define default access privileges
  ALTER DOMAIN — change the definition of a domain
  ALTER EVENT TRIGGER — change the definition of an event trigger
  ALTER EXTENSION — change the definition of an extension
  ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper
  ALTER FOREIGN TABLE — change the definition of a foreign table
  ALTER FUNCTION — change the definition of a function
  ALTER GROUP — change role name or membership
  ALTER INDEX — change the definition of an index
  ALTER LANGUAGE — change the definition of a procedural language
  ALTER LARGE OBJECT — change the definition of a large object
  ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW — change the definition of a materialized view
  ALTER OPERATOR — change the definition of an operator
  ALTER OPERATOR CLASS — change the definition of an operator class
  ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY — change the definition of an operator family
  ALTER POLICY — change the definition of a row-level security policy
  ALTER PROCEDURE — change the definition of a procedure
  ALTER PUBLICATION — change the definition of a publication
  ALTER ROLE — change a database role
  ALTER ROUTINE — change the definition of a routine
  ALTER RULE — change the definition of a rule
  ALTER SCHEMA — change the definition of a schema
  ALTER SEQUENCE — change the definition of a sequence generator
  ALTER SERVER — change the definition of a foreign server
  ALTER STATISTICS — change the definition of an extended statistics object
  ALTER SUBSCRIPTION — change the definition of a subscription
  ALTER SYSTEM — change a server configuration parameter
  ALTER TABLE — change the definition of a table
  ALTER TABLESPACE — change the definition of a tablespace
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — change the definition of a text search configuration
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — change the definition of a text search dictionary
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER — change the definition of a text search parser
  ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — change the definition of a text search template
  ALTER TRIGGER — change the definition of a trigger
  ALTER TYPE — change the definition of a type
  ALTER USER — change a database role
  ALTER USER MAPPING — change the definition of a user mapping
  ALTER VIEW — change the definition of a view
  ANALYZE — collect statistics about a database
  BEGIN — start a transaction block
  CALL — invoke a procedure
  CHECKPOINT — force a write-ahead log checkpoint
  CLOSE — close a cursor
  CLUSTER — cluster a table according to an index
  COMMENT — define or change the comment of an object
  COMMIT — commit the current transaction
  COMMIT PREPARED — commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit
  COPY — copy data between a file and a table
  CREATE ACCESS METHOD — define a new access method
  CREATE AGGREGATE — define a new aggregate function
  CREATE CAST — define a new cast
  CREATE COLLATION — define a new collation
  CREATE CONVERSION — define a new encoding conversion
  CREATE DATABASE — create a new database
  CREATE DOMAIN — define a new domain
  CREATE EVENT TRIGGER — define a new event trigger
  CREATE EXTENSION — install an extension
  CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — define a new foreign-data wrapper
  CREATE FOREIGN TABLE — define a new foreign table
  CREATE FUNCTION — define a new function
  CREATE GROUP — define a new database role
  CREATE INDEX — define a new index
  CREATE LANGUAGE — define a new procedural language
  CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW — define a new materialized view
  CREATE OPERATOR — define a new operator
  CREATE OPERATOR CLASS — define a new operator class
  CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY — define a new operator family
  CREATE POLICY — define a new row-level security policy for a table
  CREATE PROCEDURE — define a new procedure
  CREATE PUBLICATION — define a new publication
  CREATE ROLE — define a new database role
  CREATE RULE — define a new rewrite rule
  CREATE SCHEMA — define a new schema
  CREATE SEQUENCE — define a new sequence generator
  CREATE SERVER — define a new foreign server
  CREATE STATISTICS — define extended statistics
  CREATE SUBSCRIPTION — define a new subscription
  CREATE TABLE — define a new table
  CREATE TABLE AS — define a new table from the results of a query
  CREATE TABLESPACE — define a new tablespace
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — define a new text search configuration
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — define a new text search dictionary
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER — define a new text search parser
  CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — define a new text search template
  CREATE TRANSFORM — define a new transform
  CREATE TRIGGER — define a new trigger
  CREATE TYPE — define a new data type
  CREATE USER — define a new database role
  CREATE USER MAPPING — define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server
  CREATE VIEW — define a new view
  DEALLOCATE — deallocate a prepared statement
  DECLARE — define a cursor
  DELETE — delete rows of a table
  DISCARD — discard session state
  DO — execute an anonymous code block
  DROP ACCESS METHOD — remove an access method
  DROP AGGREGATE — remove an aggregate function
  DROP CAST — remove a cast
  DROP COLLATION — remove a collation
  DROP CONVERSION — remove a conversion
  DROP DATABASE — remove a database
  DROP DOMAIN — remove a domain
  DROP EVENT TRIGGER — remove an event trigger
  DROP EXTENSION — remove an extension
  DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER — remove a foreign-data wrapper
  DROP FOREIGN TABLE — remove a foreign table
  DROP FUNCTION — remove a function
  DROP GROUP — remove a database role
  DROP INDEX — remove an index
  DROP LANGUAGE — remove a procedural language
  DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW — remove a materialized view
  DROP OPERATOR — remove an operator
  DROP OPERATOR CLASS — remove an operator class
  DROP OPERATOR FAMILY — remove an operator family
  DROP OWNED — remove database objects owned by a database role
  DROP POLICY — remove a row-level security policy from a table
  DROP PROCEDURE — remove a procedure
  DROP PUBLICATION — remove a publication
  DROP ROLE — remove a database role
  DROP ROUTINE — remove a routine
  DROP RULE — remove a rewrite rule
  DROP SCHEMA — remove a schema
  DROP SEQUENCE — remove a sequence
  DROP SERVER — remove a foreign server descriptor
  DROP STATISTICS — remove extended statistics
  DROP SUBSCRIPTION — remove a subscription
  DROP TABLE — remove a table
  DROP TABLESPACE — remove a tablespace
  DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION — remove a text search configuration
  DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY — remove a text search dictionary
  DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER — remove a text search parser
  DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE — remove a text search template
  DROP TRANSFORM — remove a transform
  DROP TRIGGER — remove a trigger
  DROP TYPE — remove a data type
  DROP USER — remove a database role
  DROP USER MAPPING — remove a user mapping for a foreign server
  DROP VIEW — remove a view
  END — commit the current transaction
  EXECUTE — execute a prepared statement
  EXPLAIN — show the execution plan of a statement
  FETCH — retrieve rows from a query using a cursor
  GRANT — define access privileges
  IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA — import table definitions from a foreign server
  INSERT — create new rows in a table
  LISTEN — listen for a notification
  LOAD — load a shared library file
  LOCK — lock a table
  MERGE — conditionally insert, update, or delete rows of a table
  MOVE — position a cursor
  NOTIFY — generate a notification
  PREPARE — prepare a statement for execution
  PREPARE TRANSACTION — prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit
  REASSIGN OWNED — change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role
  REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW — replace the contents of a materialized view
  REINDEX — rebuild indexes
  RELEASE SAVEPOINT — destroy a previously defined savepoint
  RESET — restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value
  REVOKE — remove access privileges
  ROLLBACK — abort the current transaction
  ROLLBACK PREPARED — cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit
  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT — roll back to a savepoint
  SAVEPOINT — define a new savepoint within the current transaction
  SECURITY LABEL — define or change a security label applied to an object
  SELECT — retrieve rows from a table or view
  SELECT INTO — define a new table from the results of a query
  SET — change a run-time parameter
  SET CONSTRAINTS — set constraint check timing for the current transaction
  SET ROLE — set the current user identifier of the current session
  SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION — set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session
  SET TRANSACTION — set the characteristics of the current transaction
  SHOW — show the value of a run-time parameter
  START TRANSACTION — start a transaction block
  TRUNCATE — empty a table or set of tables
  UNLISTEN — stop listening for a notification
  UPDATE — update rows of a table
  VACUUM — garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database
  VALUES — compute a set of rows
II. PostgreSQL Client Applications
  clusterdb — cluster a PostgreSQL database
  createdb — create a new PostgreSQL database
  createuser — define a new PostgreSQL user account
  dropdb — remove a PostgreSQL database
  dropuser — remove a PostgreSQL user account
  ecpg — embedded SQL C preprocessor
  pg_amcheck — checks for corruption in one or more PostgreSQL databases
  pg_basebackup — take a base backup of a PostgreSQL cluster
  pgbench — run a benchmark test on PostgreSQL
  pg_config — retrieve information about the installed version of PostgreSQL
  pg_dump — extract a PostgreSQL database into a script file or other archive file
  pg_dumpall — extract a PostgreSQL database cluster into a script file
  pg_isready — check the connection status of a PostgreSQL server
  pg_receivewal — stream write-ahead logs from a PostgreSQL server
  pg_recvlogical — control PostgreSQL logical decoding streams
  pg_restore — restore a PostgreSQL database from an archive file created by pg_dump
  pg_verifybackup — verify the integrity of a base backup of a PostgreSQL cluster
  psql — PostgreSQL interactive terminal
  reindexdb — reindex a PostgreSQL database
  vacuumdb — garbage-collect and analyze a PostgreSQL database
III. PostgreSQL Server Applications
  initdb — create a new PostgreSQL database cluster
  pg_archivecleanup — clean up PostgreSQL WAL archive files
  pg_checksums — enable, disable or check data checksums in a PostgreSQL database cluster
  pg_controldata — display control information of a PostgreSQL database cluster
  pg_ctl — initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server
  pg_resetwal — reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a PostgreSQL database cluster
  pg_rewind — synchronize a PostgreSQL data directory with another data directory that was forked from it
  pg_test_fsync — determine fastest `wal_sync_method` for PostgreSQL
  pg_test_timing — measure timing overhead
  pg_upgrade — upgrade a PostgreSQL server instance
  pg_waldump — display a human-readable rendering of the write-ahead log of a PostgreSQL database cluster
  postgres — PostgreSQL database server
  postmaster — PostgreSQL database server

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